TOEFL
Test of English as a Foreign Language disingkat TOEFL adalah ujian kemampuan berbahasa Inggris (logat Amerika) yang diperlukan untuk mendaftar masuk kekolese (college) atau universitas di Amerika Serikat atau negara-negara lain di dunia. Ujian ini sangat diperlukan bagi pendaftar atau pembicara yang bahasa ibunya bukanbahasa Inggris. Ujian TOEFL ini diselenggarakan oleh kantor ETS (Educational Testing Service) di Amerika Serikat untuk semua peserta tes di seluruh dunia.
TOEFL merupakan singkatan dari Test Of English as a Foreign Language. TOEFL adalah standardisasi kemampuan bahasa inggris seseorang secara tertulis (de jure) yang meliputi empat aspek penguasaan: Listening, Writing dan Reading.
Sistem penilaian TOEFL menggunakan konversi dari setiap jawaban yang benar. Nilai TOEFL tertinggi yang bisa dicapai seseorang adalah 675.
TOEFL merupakan singkatan dari Test Of English as a Foreign Language. TOEFL adalah standardisasi kemampuan bahasa inggris seseorang secara tertulis (de jure) yang meliputi empat aspek penguasaan: Listening, Writing dan Reading.
Sistem penilaian TOEFL menggunakan konversi dari setiap jawaban yang benar. Nilai TOEFL tertinggi yang bisa dicapai seseorang adalah 675.
Jenis tes bahasa Inggris TOEFL ini pada umumnya diperlukan untuk persyaratan masuk kuliah pada hampir semua universitas di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada baik untuk program undergraduate (S-1) maupun graduate (S-2 atau S-3). Hasil tes TOEFL ini juga dipakai sebagai bahan pertimbangan mengenai kemampuan bahasa Inggris dari calon mahasiswa yang mendaftar ke universitas di negara lain, termasuk universitas di Eropa dan Australia. Secara umum, tes TOEFL lebih berorientasi kepada American English, dan sedikit berbeda dengan jenis tes IELTS yang berorientasi kepada British English. Tidak seperti tes IELTS, tes TOEFL ini pada umumnya tidak mempunyai bagian individual interview test.
Biasanya tes ini memakan waktu sekitar tiga jam dan diselenggarakan dalam 4 bagian, yaitu bagian:
· listening comprehension,
· grammar structure and written expression,
· reading comprehension, dan bagian
· writing.
Nilai hasil ujian TOEFL berkisar antara: 310 (nilai minimum) sampai 677 (nilai maximum) untuk versi PBT (paper-based test).
Tujuan Test TOEFL
TOEFL memiliki dua tujuan umum yaitu: Academic dan General. Dalam bentuk yang sama, sertifikasi rekomendasi TOEFL bisa gunakan untuk kedua hal tadi.
Academic adalah menggunakan test untuk tujuan pendidikan, penelitian atau yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan akademis di luar negeri, ataupun di Indonesia. Untuk paska sarjana, biasanya nilai minimal adalah 550. sedangkan untuk S1 adalah 500
General pada umumnya digunakan untuk tujuan pekerjaan, kenaikan pangkat atau tugas kerja. Banyak perusahaan yang memasang standar bahasa inggris karyawannya dengan melihat nilai TOEFL – nya. Umumnya, nilai TOEFL minimal adalah 500 untuk kenaikan pangkat standar.
TOEFL Score biasa digunakan sebagai pra syarat untuk mendaftar ke Sekolah Menengah Atas dan Universitas di dalam dan di luar negeri, juga untuk syarat memperoleh beasiswa. Tetapi TOEFL Score kini tidak hanya diperlukan di dalam lingkungan akademis, tapi juga di beberapa instansi kerja swasta dan negeri di dalam dan di luar negeri sebagai pra syarat bagi para pelamar kerja maupun untuk kenaikan jabatan atau promosi.
TOEFL memiliki dua tujuan umum yaitu: Academic dan General. Dalam bentuk yang sama, sertifikasi rekomendasi TOEFL bisa gunakan untuk kedua hal tadi.
Academic adalah menggunakan test untuk tujuan pendidikan, penelitian atau yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan akademis di luar negeri, ataupun di Indonesia. Untuk paska sarjana, biasanya nilai minimal adalah 550. sedangkan untuk S1 adalah 500
General pada umumnya digunakan untuk tujuan pekerjaan, kenaikan pangkat atau tugas kerja. Banyak perusahaan yang memasang standar bahasa inggris karyawannya dengan melihat nilai TOEFL – nya. Umumnya, nilai TOEFL minimal adalah 500 untuk kenaikan pangkat standar.
TOEFL Score biasa digunakan sebagai pra syarat untuk mendaftar ke Sekolah Menengah Atas dan Universitas di dalam dan di luar negeri, juga untuk syarat memperoleh beasiswa. Tetapi TOEFL Score kini tidak hanya diperlukan di dalam lingkungan akademis, tapi juga di beberapa instansi kerja swasta dan negeri di dalam dan di luar negeri sebagai pra syarat bagi para pelamar kerja maupun untuk kenaikan jabatan atau promosi.
Choose the correct form of the verb in parentheses in the following sentences.
- The teacher decided (accepting/to accept) the paper.
- The appreciate (to have/having) this information.
- His father doesn’t approve of his (going/to go) to Europe.
- We found it very difficult (reaching/to reach) a decision.
- Donna is interested in (to open/opening) a bar.
- George has no intention of (to leave/leaving) the city now.
- We are eager (to return/returning) to school in the fall.
- You would be better of (to buy/buying) this car.
- She refused (to accept/accepting) the gift.
- Mary regrets (to be/being) the one to have to tell him.
- George pretended (to be/being) sick yesterday.
- Carlos hopes (to finish/finishing) his thesis this year.
- They agreed (to leave/leaving) early.
- Helen was anxious (to tell/telling) her family about her promotion.
- We are not ready (to stop/stopping) this research at this time.
- Henry shouldn’t risk (to drive/driving) so fast.
- He demands (to know/knowing) what is going on.
- She is looking forward to (return/returning) to her country.
- There is no excuse for ( to leave/leaving) the room in this condition.
- Gerald returned to his home after (to leave/leaving) the game.
Choose the correct form of the verb in the following sentences
- Neither Bill nor Mary (is/are) going to the play tonight.
- Anything (is/are) better than going to another movie tonight.
- Skating (is/are) becoming more popular every day.
- A number of reporters (was/were) at the conference yesterday.
- Everybody who (has/have) a fever must go home immediately.
- Your glasses (was/were) on the bureau last tonight.
- There (was/were) some people at the meeting last night.
- The committee (has/have) already reached a decision.
- A pair of jeans (was/were) in the washing meachine this morning
- Each student (has/have) answered the first three questions.
- Either John or his wife (make/makes) breakfast each morning.
- After she had perused the material, the secretary decided that everything (was/were) in order.
- The crowd at the basketball game (was/were) wild with excitement.
- A pack of wild dogs (has/have) frightened all the ducks away.
- The jury (is/are) trying to reach a decision.
- The army (has/have) eliminated this section of the training test.
- The number of students who have withdrawn from class this quarter (is/are) appalling.
- There (has/have) been too many interruptions in this class.
- Every elementary school teacher (has/have) to take this examination.
- Neither Jill nor her parents (has/have) seen this movie before.
Past tense
Past tense is a form of time claimed an act that occurred in the past (is simple) and no hubungannnya at all with the present. In positive sentences (+) used the Second Working Words (Verb 2). On the negative sentence (-) no longer used the second form of the verb (V2), but used the verb form of the first (V1). Likewise on the question sentence. However, in negative sentences and questions used the word "Did" to show that the Past Tense sentence or phrase that indicates that an activity has been completed in the negative and question forms. In the phrase the question, "Did" is placed at the beginning of the sentence, followed by the subject and the first verb (V1).
Past tense is used to describe an incident that has occurred in the past.
Trait marker for instance have the word:
-Last week
-Yesterday
-Last years
-Ago
-Last Saturday, etc.
Formulas:
(+) S + V2
(-) S + did not + V1
(?) Did + S + V1
Example :
- We went to Campus last month
- I saw Firman Yesterday
- He bought a house three months ago
Present perfect
Present perfect is a form of sentence in the English language which states an act that has been dkerjakan (in the past). The past can now, just, had, yesterday, last week, last month, last year & so on. The time it so it must use the present perfect form. All verbs (Verb) used is Verb 3. It became one of the characteristics of the Perfect. Present Perfect Tense is used to describe an incident that has occurred in indefinite period of time (perhaps because of forgotten time) in the past or the events that happen more than once in the past, or events conducted in the past but still occurs till now . Also characteristic of the present perfect is to use Has / Have. Has used on a single subject (She, He, It, Ranny, Mother, etc.). While Have used the plural subject (They, We, I, You).
Usually present perfect sentences are marked for example with the words:
-Since 1995
-Three times
-Two times & etc.
Formulas:
(+) S + have / has + V3
(-) S + have / has + Not + V3
(?) Have / has + S + V3
Example :
- I had finished my work.
- You had stopped before I did.
- I had gone When He arrived at my home.
1. I spend my honey
a. I spent my money
b. I will spend my money
c. I have spent my money
2. They use that one
a. They used that one
b. They will use that one
c. They have used that one
3. We study English together
a. We studied english together
b. We will study english together
c. We have studied english together
4. They discuss their work
a. They discussed their work
b. They will discuss their work
c. They have discussed their work
5. They have enough time
a. They had enough time
b. They will have enough time
c. They had enough time
6. I do all of the lessons
a. I did all of the lessons
b. I will do all of the lessons
c. I have done all of the lessons
7. He sits in that row
a. He sat in that row
b. He will sit in that row
c. He have sat in that row
8. I drive my car
a. I drove my car
b. I will drive my car
c. I have driven my car
9. She hides her money
a. She hid her money
b. She will hide her money
c. She have hidden her money
10. We go to school
a. We went to school
b. We will go to school
c. We have gone to school
11. He takes much time
a. He took much time
b. He will take much time
c. He have taken much time
12. Does he eat there?
a. Did he eat there?
b. Will he eat there?
c. Has he eaten there?
13. Do you enjoy that work?
a. Did you enjoy that work?
b. Will you enjoy that work?
c. Have you enjoyed that work?
14. Does he wite many letters?
a. Did he write many latters?
b. Will he write many latters?
c. Has he written many latters?
15. Do you send many letters?
a. Did you send many latters?
b. Will you send many latters?
c. Have you sent many latters?
16. Do they explain everything?
a. Did they explain everything?
b. Will they explain everything?
c. Have they explained everything?
17. Does she attend that class?
a. Did she attend that class?
b. Will she attend that class?
c. Have she attended that class?
18. Do you have enough time?
a. Did you have enough time?
b. Will you have enough time?
c. Have you had enough time?
19. Do they copy the sentences?
a. Did they copy the sentences?
b. Will they copy the sentences?
c. Have they copied the sentences?
20. Does she hve much trouble?
a. Did she have much trouble?
b. Will she have much trouble?
c. Have she had much trouble?
21. Does she do good work?
a. Did she do good work?
b. Will she do good work?
c. Have she done good work?
22. Do the students practice?
a. Did the students practice?
b. Will the students practice?
c. Have the students practiced?
23. I don't sstay there
a. I didn't stay there
b. I won't stay there
c. I haven't stayed there
24. He doesn't work hard
a. He didn't work hard
b. He won't work hard
c. He hasn't worked hard
25. I don't have any energy
a. I didn't have any energy
b. I won't have any energy
c. I haven't had any energy
26. He doesn't pay his bills
a. He didn't pay his bills
b. He won't pay his bills
c. He hasn't paid his bills
27. We don't see that fellow
a. We didn't see that fellow
b. We won't see that fellow
c. We haven't seen that fellow
28. She doesn't use this one
a. She didn't use this one
b. She won't use this one
c. She hasn't used this one
29. They don't remember it
a. They didn't remember it
b. They won't remember it
c. They haven't remembered it
30. I don't do much work here
a. I didn't do much work here
b. I won't do much work here
c. I haven't done much work here
31. He doesn't listen carefully
a. He didn't listen carefully
b. He won't listen carefully
c. He hasn't listened carefully
1. Employees = Karyawan
2. Office space = Ruang Kantor
3. Table = Meja
4. Chair = Kursi
5. Sofa = Sofa
6. Filing Cabinet = Lemari Arsip
7. Bookcase = Rak Buku
8. O’clock = Jam
9. Wall Clock = Jam Dinding
10. Paper = Kertas
11. Pen = Pulpen
12. Pencil = Pensil
13. Air Conditioning = AC
14. Refrigerator = Lemari Es
15. Television = Televisi
16. Window = Jendela
17. Curtain = Gorden
18. Computer = Komputer
19. Laptop = Laptop
20. Whiteboard = Papan Tulis
21. Markers = Spidol
22. Infokus = Infokus
23. Official Car = Mobil Dinas
24. Garden = Taman
25. Security Guard = Satpam
26. Security Station = Pos Satpam
27. Motorcycle = Seped Motor
28. Parking Lot = Tempat parkir
29. Telephone = Telepon
30. Ruler = Penggaris
31. Parlor = Ruang tamu
32. Waiting Room = Ruang Tunggu
33. Meeting Room = Ruang Meeting
34. Bathroom = Kamar Mandi
35. Elevator = Lift
36. Ladder = Tangga
37. File = Berkas
38. Modem = Modem
39. Office Boy = Pesuruh Kantor
40. Secretary = Sekretaris
41. Manager = Manajer
42. Accountant = Akuntan
43. Lamp = Lampu
44. Canteen = Kantin
45. Mosque = Mushola
46. Calendar = Kalender
47. Electricity = Listrik
48. Diesel = Diesel
49. Printer = Pencetak
50. Mouse = Mouse
51. Keyboard = Keyboard
52. Magazine = Majalah
53. Newspaper = Koran
54. Photocopiers = Mesin Fotokopi
55. Trash Can = Tempat Sampah
56. Fan = Kipas Angin
57. Kitchen = Dapur
58. Plate = Piring
59. Glass = Gelas
60. Drinking Water = Air Minum
61. Hall = Aula
62. Gym = Tempat Olahraga
63. Treasurer = Bendahara
64. Engineering = Teknik Mesin
65. Computer Engineering = Teknik Komputer
66. Vase = Vas
67. Frame = Bingkai
68. Handphone = Telepon Genggam
69. Dining Room = Ruang Makan
70. Plant = Tanaman
71. The Information = Bagian Informasi
72. Safe = Brankas
73. Camera = Kamera
74. Wifi = wifi
75. Highlighter = Stabilo
76. Scissors = Gunting
77. Ruler = Penggaris
78. Bag = Tas
79. Jacket = Jas
80. Tie = Dasi
81. Kitchen Appliances = Peralatan Dapur
82. Paper Clip = Klip Kertas
83. Shoes = sepatu
84. Pool = Kolam
85. Carpet = Karpet
86. Eraser = Penghapus
87. Staff = Staf
88. Director = Direktur
89. Discussion Room = Ruang Diskusi
90. Finance = Keuangan
91. Dining Table = Meja makan
92. Spoon = Sendok
93. Fork = Garpu
94. Knife = Pisau
95. Seat Cushion = Bantal Kursi
96. Wall Decoration = Hiasan Dinding
97. Photo = Foto
98. Overtime = Lembur
99. Salary = Gaji
100.Money = Uang
